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Objective:To explore the echocardiographic characteristics of isolated brachiocephalic artery branches, and to analyze the reason of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods:Echocardiographic features of isolated subclavian artery and brachibrachial trunk confirmed by operation or CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were retrospectively analyzed in Hebei Children′s Hospital from May 2017 to July 2021. Related literatures of other rare types of isolated brachiocephalic artery branches retrieved in PubMed were reviewed, and the echocardiographic characteristics of such vascular malformations were summarized.Results:A total of 4 children with isolated brachiocephalic artery branches were included. Echocardiography correctly diagnosed isolated brachiocebrachial trunk in 1 case and missed or misdiagnosis in 3 cases, including isolated subclavian artery was missed in 1 case, isolated subclavian artery was misdiagnosed as aberrant subclavian artery in 1 case and patent ductus arteriosus in 1 case. A total of 105 cases of isolated brachiocephalic artery branches were reviewed, including isolated brachiocephalic artery in 31 cases (53.3%), isolated common carotid artery in 15 cases (29.5%), isolated common carotid artery in 15 cases (14.3%) and isolated internal carotid artery in 3 cases (2.9%). The characteristic of echocardiography was that the brachiocephalic branch of the aortic arch was disconnected from the aortic arch, often via the ductus arteriosus or directly connected to the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.Conclusions:Isolated brachiocephalic artery branches have certain characteristic echocardiographic features and these kinds of vascular malformations are accompanied by different degrees of stealing blood phenomenon. Careful tracing of the origin of brachiocephalic artery branches and combined with cervical vascular ultrasound when necessary can improve the diagnosis rate of isolated brachiocephalic artery branch lesions.
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Background Clinical study showed that FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is effective and safe for the adult refractory glaucoma.However,it is welt-known that childhood glaucomatous eyes have different pathogenesis and protean clinical manifestations.So the efficacy of FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in child deserves some attention.Objective This study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma in children.Methods The clinical data of 30 eyes of 26 children with refractory glaucoma who undergone FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in the Center Hospital of Cangzhou from October 2008 to April 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The age of patients was 4 months to 16.5 years.The patients included ocular hypertension after trabculectomy/goniotomy for cogenital glaucoma,later stage of cogenital glaucoma,aphakic or pseudophakic glaucoma,traumatic glaucoma and Sturge-Weber syndrome.The follow-up ranged from 1 week to 24 months to obverse the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP),postoperative complications and cumulative success rate.Results The mean IOP was significantly different among various time points (F=58.929,P＜0.05).The IOP was (36.93± 10.56) mmHg in preoperation and (13.13± 3.34),(14.13±3.15),(15.93±4.76),(17.96±5.37),(19.74±5.43) mmHg 1 week,1 month,6 months,12 months,24 months following surgery,showing significant reduce after operation.Compared with preoperative IOP,the IOP of 1 week,1 month,6,12,24 months after AGI was significant decreased,with significant differences between them (t =11.641,11.458,10.688,7.988,8.018,all at P ＜ 0.05).The total cumulative success rate after Ahmed glaucoma valve implant was 100％,96.67％,93.21％,85.76％ and 71.46％ 1 week,1 month,6 months,12 months,24 months after surgery.The postoperative complications occurred in 8 eyes,including shallow anterior chamber,drainage tube obstruction,hyphema of anterior chamber and valve exposure,and these were cured by medicine and surgery.No serious complication appeared in all patients after operation.Conclusions FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is an effective and safe method for the treatment of refractory glaucoma,and it can be considered as one of the first choices for management of refractory glaucoma in childhood.
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BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by inreversible pathological changes, belonging to arthragia syndrome. The goal of the treatment is to release or relieve symptoms and delay joint degeneration. Jianxi Qianggu Pil is an empirical formula developed by the Third People’s Hospital of Jingzhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, China. This prescription can nourish liver and kidney, eliminate wind and disperse cold, expel wet and dredge the col aterals, consolidate bone and reinforce knee. OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effect of Jianxi Qianggu Pil on joint cartilage and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:A total of 36 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, with 12 ones in each. The involved rabbits were applied to establish the model of knee osteoarthritis by using the modified Hulth’s method. At 6 weeks after modeling, the drug group was given 0.1 g/kg Jianxi Qianggu Pil via intragastric administration, while model group and normal control group received equal volume of saline. At 4 weeks after drug administration, rabbit articular cartilage was evaluated with Mankin’s scoring method. The cartilage morphology was observed under electron microscopy, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The pathological degeneration degree of articular cartilage in the drug group was significantly lighter, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 expression was significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, Jianxi Qianggu Pil can promote the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis rabbits, thereby promoting articular cartilage regeneration and reducing cartilage deformation or necrosis for the treatment of arthritis.
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In recent years,the occurrence of children asthma is growing rapidly yearly,which seriously threatens the health of children.Breastfeeding can be a protective factor to asthma.While several studies indicate that breastfeeding cannot prevent asthma and even can increase the occurrence of asthma in the later stage.Debates still remain on the affections of breasffeeding on the children asthma.More large-sample investigations are needed inorder to acquire the occurrence rate of asthma.
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ObjectiveTo employ the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) gene transfected rabbbit osteoplast to combine with the porous nano-hydrxyapatite crystal (n-HA)/polyam ide 66(/PA66) so as to evaluate the osteogenesis and rapid revascularization early after repair of the rabbit radius bone defects with the tissue-engineered bone (n-HA/PA66/osteoplast/VEGF165).MethodsThe animal models of bilateral radius bone defects were created in 56 New Zealand white rabbits that were then randomly divided into Group A and Group B.In Group A, the animals were implanted with n-HA/PA66on the left bone defects (Group Al) and with n-HA/PA66/VEGF165 composite materials on the right bone defects (Group A2). In Group B, the animals were implanted with n-HA/PA66/osteoplast/VEGF165 composite materials on the left side (Group B1) and with n-HA/PA66/osteoplast on the right side (Group B2).Gross, digital radiography, histological sections, vessel count and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation.ResultsThe osteogenesis and revascularization in Group B1 was superior to that in the other groups at each time point, with statistical difference (P ＜0.05).The revascularization and osteogenesis in Groups B1 and B2 was far better than that in Groups A1 and A2, with no statistical difference between Group A1 and Group A2.ConclusionsThe new tissue-engineered bone (n-HA/PA66/osteoplast/VEGF165) has a perfect osteogenetic effect and can promote rapid revascularization and the bone healing in the early stage after repair of the bone defects.
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BACKGROUND:LARS artificial ligament was designed by Laboureau from France using polyethylene terephthalates with the anatomic structure of human ligament and mechanical principle of weight.This ligament is not only accorded with physiological structure of normal anterior cruciate ligament,but also significantly elevates anti-torque,can resist repetitive twist,bend and excessive traction.OBJECTIVE:To summarize characteristics of clinical application of LARS artificial ligament in transplant reconstruction following acute anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint injury.METHODS:A total of 23 patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament injury,comprising 17 males and 6 females,aged 21-54 years,were selected.Time-from injury to surgery was 3 days to 3 weeks.Polyethylene terephthalatas LARS artificial ligament made in France was used to reconstruct damaged ligament.The transplant was evaluated before and after implantation according to Lysholm knee joint criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Following 11.2 months (10-14 months) of follow-up,unstable symptoms of affected knees of all 23 cases disappeared.Anterior and posterior drawer tests were negative,with good joint function.Average extension and flexion degree was 0°-120°.In accordance with Lysholm knee joint score,significant difference was found from (40.34±4.00) points preoperatively to (90.21±4.00) points postoperatively (P<0.01).They could do common athletic activities at about 2 months following surgery.In some cases,magnetic resonance examination demonstrated that residue ligament gradually grew into artificial ligament,which gradually became thicker.Above-mentioned results have verified that under an arthroscope,reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using polyethylene terephthalates LARS artificial ligament showed simple operation and small wound,which may lead to immediate stability,early rehabilitation exercises.Simultaneously,interlacing of residue ligament and artificial ligament keeps the nerve conduction pathway of propdoceptive sense,which prevents joint function limitation greatly.Moreover,short-term outcomes are satisfactory.